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QUESTIONS 



DESIGNED 



TO ACCOMPANY THE 

GENEALOGICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL CHART 



OF 



ENGLAND AND SCOTLAN 

MRS. MARY W. B. HICKS. 




jackson, snssissirri. 
ROBERT H. PURDOM 

1860. 




QUESTIONS 



DESIGNED 



TO ACCOMPANY THE 



ALOGICAL AND CURONOLOMOAL HURT 



OP 



) AND SCOTLAND, 



BY 



as. MART W. B: HICKS. 



JACKSON, MIf- 

ROBERT H. PURDOM 
1860, 



THE LIBRARY 
OF CONGRES 

WASHINGTON!, 



INTRODUCTION. 



This small book of questions and references has 
boen prepared to accompany the C4enealogical and 
Chronological Chart of England and Scotland. 

The design of the Questions is, to enable the 
young pupil consecutively and connectedly to learn 
the leading events in the chain of history, as laid 
< down on the Chart. 

The references are for the benefit of the scholar, 
who would wish to read a definite account of any 
particular incident mentioned on the Chart. 

There are some typographical errors on the Chart, 
which are all noticed and corrected in the Book of 
Questions; and, where two authors are found to vary 
in the date of any event, attention has been called 
to the fact, and tho different dates and authorities 
specified. 

The authoress has confidence in the utility of the 
work, as an assistant in impressing the memory with 
the connection of events laid down, and as this i3 
emphatically the day of utilitarianism, she submits 
it to tho consideration of a discerning public. 

Woodlawn, lxankin county, Miss., 
May 30, I860." 



PREFATORY NOTE. 



It is probably necessary to state that the Charts are all 
colored by han in some instances a Queen has been 

given the wrong color ; to avoid any vital efi e hist mica! 

information, in connection ;orn Queen, I 

have given the nrrme of he; mntry. Although 

coloring of the Chai - • 

kind. ■ tive to the mind to have the Queens 

pain 1 . rent colors, for the sam* ?<■ t the circler, 

change color when a new race of \ 

throi. eemwe.; 

it would have no more distinctive im] nponthe 

than i tame in a book. By , * the different 

colors, the impression o ^ve counl / • I 

to impress this on the memory has been considered a matter 
of some importance, as the d of the I 

sovereigns led to important results. 1 ofEthelred 

to Emma of Normandy led to the Norman conquest; the 
marriage, I iet sovereigns with princess 

the French provinces led E into many Continental 

wars, and the cause of introducing improvements in 

the arts and sciences. The marriage of Henry Tudor to 
Elizabeth of York united the claims of the long-contending 
"Rival Roses." The Sc< ish ended the En 

throne in consequence of the marriage of James IV. of ! 
land to Margaret of England. Charles II. and James II. < 
raised Protestants, and became Catholics after marrying 
Catholic princesses, and the adherence of James to the 
Catholic faith led to his dethronement, &c, &c. 

Intiae Questions on the Scottish Chart, some reference, i 
given to Miss Strickland's Queens of England. From th< 
volumes many incidents in the early Scottish History have 
been collated. 



QUESTIONS ON ENGLISH CHAR1 



CHAPTER L 

jtrom the time the romans landed in britain 

until the establishment of the monarchy 

in 827. 

When did the Romans under Julius Caesar land 
in Britain? [Thftler's Chronological Tables. 

When was Caractacus, the British King, carried 
prisoner to Eoi . [Ibid. 

When was "Adrian's Wall built across the island? 

U 
When did Cymbeline live? 

[Mrs. HaWs Queens of England, ;■• 
What was the name of his Queen? [Ibid p. 28. 

Note.— Mrs. Matthew Hali, in her "Queen. 'and 

befor. i Conquest," has given many ' : 

particular.-; of the royal ladies who lived in the -i of 

Britain. , irited account of Carti the 

British princess, whose father, Afarwy, \ a 3d of 

>y the Bom I ium- 

seif a to Rome. She and her 

cousin Cyrnbeline were raised and educated in Rome. They 
received from that politic Government all the advantages of a 
princely education, and at a proper age, Cymbeline received 
an appointment suitable to his rank. These Roman educated 
British princes were sent back by the Romans, to rule over 
the family dignities in Britain, upon the death of their uncle, 
Tenantius, who seems to have been more submissive to the 
Roman rule than Afarwy, the father of Cartismandua, and 
had been put in possession of the family estates, when Afarwy 
was deprived of them, and carried prisoner to Rome with hia 
family; but upon the death of Tenantius, Cymbeline and his 
consort Catamandua, were by the Romans restored to the 



6 Qi BE 

family dignities. Cymbeline remained the firm friend of Um 
Romans onring hie life. He died A. D. 2. 

[Mr: . //"W. <>'■< ens /. • ■ ...... 2 r >. 

Note.— " Boadicia, the warti 

"The British warrior Qi 
Ble< ding from the Roman rods, 
Who 

ght with ;tn Indignanl mien. 
( lounsel oi her country ' 
Alternately excites our admiration and sympathy. "This 
princess has the highest claims upon British sympathy, from 
the fact thai she was horn, nun i d and bi ed among her coun- 
trymen. She had no leaning to the Roman fi 1 1 the 
soil. Britain alone had her heart, and the freedom of ber 
country, for which women as well as men in her time lived 
and (Ik d, ambition." I noble 
><>, atfU r a br 1 n i her rights, 
had been defeated and doomed to th- lio 1 ol gri 
a Roman triumph. B< , had 
.iik arid dignity of 1 Ity or 
happiness being the att< I hon 1 . She dhv 
played on all -• pirit, worthy < 1 brity 
1 );f; obtained. Aft r i ed in 
battle hy th<: Bomans, and, in accords 
to hei pi opl< ither in bond (amy ; 
«he would neither stoop to be th 
will nor grace a Soman triumph. termined hy )■ 
to terminate hei defeated but unyielding 
Quc':ii was interred with honors by her di British 
■objects, while the Roman urned in triumph to 
1 for his brillii d to the ) 
lignity. He was aftei • ; .. 
He subdued all the south* rn pi • 
garri ons along the northern frontier, to prevent th< 
of the barbarians, and sent oul the Roman 6< .1 firwt. 
dj .. 1 d that Britain 1 an I and. 

[ Mr. . Ha Englwrtd \ e4&, 

Nor;.. One of the racthoi 1 by th 

1 fi'ii, of the Briti ih pi i is tod Ide their 

Interests. With this vie <■, the E nperoi Claudi 
Britain, propo ied to K ng :■. 1 . 
born but noblc-minde pt In 

man iage the hand of . the dau \XiU r ol 1 

This mai 1 iage, though \> : a 
with , on hy the Britons. To the young I . obad 



ENGLISH CHART. 

peen brought from her luxurious southern home to sever the 
matrimonial ties existing between two native Britons, nil 
seemed fair, and she proposed to her father to erect anew 
city upon the BCene of their espousals, as eoinmemorative of 
the occasion. Claudius willingly assented, and in person laid 
the foundation of a city, to which he gave his own name— 
Claudiocester, now Gloucester. Arviragus seemed at first 
fascinated w : .ili the beauty of his gentle bride. Tliis prince 
seems to have been imperious, haughty and unstable. He 
broke faith with his allies, the Romans, which Gwinissa, in her 
character of "winner of peace" once settled amicably between 
the parties; but on the Becond occasion of the kind, Arviragus 
finally deserted his young Roman wife and returned to Boadi- 
Bia. i rtionofher caused her death; maternal anguish 

Was prematurely brought on, and she expired in giving birth 
to a bob. " IMrs. Hal 

Notk. — '• Where," Bays Mrs. Hall, "is there a page to bo 
found in tlir whole history of any country more glorious than 
that, devoted t > the British St. Helena, the Empress Mother of 
Constantino the Great, the self-devoted wife, the patron 
Christianity, the discoverer oi' the true cross, the builder of 
churches, the mother oi' the oppressed, the glorious career of 
whose influences has in a thousand ways, directly and indir 
descended to our own times, with her name and history." 

This Empress was a native-born Briton, whose rather, by a 
train of circumstances, had become the enemy of the Romans. 
Canstantiua, a Roman general, fi the rebel 

Briton to order, li id him in his capi 

Colchester. The Briton bn i I himself for three 

years. bu1 \>.:> a1 l< gth relieved by I aeral 

entering into a treat; for the hand of his daughter, '• th 
Helena.*' > 

Express and mothi Great. She is sup- 

posed to have attended the celebrate 1 Council A. D. 

S25, and to have then been about aigfa j j The 

place of her deattt is unoertain. 

[Mrs. HcUPs Que <jland, page 101. 

Helena ap Eudda, was a native-born British prineess. who 
married : Bfaximus, a Roman Senator, but 
nearly . i (he British royal family. This M vxiinus can- 
tended wi h Valentinian 11. andGratian for the third shave in 
the Roma . wh oh thej refused him. After driving 
Valentioii >. brilli tut mil 
at Aqu t and bo 



d QUESTIONS ON THE 

headed without the knowledge of the Emperor Theodosius the 

at, 'who had become Emperor of the West. This generous 

sovereign settled a pension upon Helena and her sons, and sent 

them back to Britain. Ityrs. HalVs Queens of England, p. 176. 

When was Britain evacuated by the Eomans? 
Ans. Anno Domini 426. 

_., ^ [Ty tier's Chronological Table. 

When did Queen Boadicia live ? 
Ans. In the first century. 

[Mrs. Ha IPs Lives of English Queens. 
When did Grwenissa? 

Ans. In the first century. [Ibid. 

What two illustrious females lived in the fourth 

%™y\ [ibid. 

l»y whom was roads constructed in Roman 
Britain? [Ibid. 

When was Britain overrun by the Picts and 
SC ht! ? , [Ty tier's Chronological Table. 

What British King lived in the fifth century? 

[Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 53. 
What was the name of Vortigern's Queen? 

[Mrs. Hall's Queens of England, page 39. 

Note.— The Saxon princess Eowena, the daughter of Hen- 
gist, the first leader of the Saxons into Britain, is celebrated 
in history as being the means of introducing the Saxon sway 
over the British kingdom. Vortimer and Voriigern were two 
brothers, joint sovereign, of Britain. Hengist used the beauty 
ol his daughter to ensnare the affections of Vortigern. Al- 
though he had been previously married to a British lady of 
royal birth this la dy orced to ma Ice way for the Saxon 

beauty. Mrs. Hall The ill treatment of a woman 

introduced the enen. er country. Vortigern's first wife 

wis much beloved ople, more particularly because 

she was a Christian, while Rowena was a pagan. Moreover 
V ortigern had promised her full liberty in the exercise of her 
?i Wa ^ e l lg,or V c1 The T comi ng of Hengist to assist them against 
the Ficts and Scots hid been welcomed by the heloless Britona 
as a deliverance from threatened bondage, nut the advance- 
ment of a foreigner and a pagan to the position of Queen Con- 



ENGLISH CHART. 9 

-Mid the consequent divorce of their Christian country- 
woman, pointed out the necessity of expostulation. Th« 

de commenced between the two parties, which resulted 
in the death of Vortimer, who headed the Britons, and who 
had defeated the Saxons and expelled them from the island. 
He was poisoned by the artifice of his sister-in-law Rowena. 
To this step she was led by the instigations of her father, and 
itis thought the connivance oi her husband, whom she soon 
contrived to have r iod upov •, by flattering 

the nobility. Hengist reappeared in England with his Si 
followers, invited Vortigern to a banquet at Ambresbury, with 
about three hundred noble Britons. The nobles were treach- 
erously slain, Vortigen ied prisoner, and the Saxon 
sway commenced. [M Queens of England, p. 179. 

What important event occurred in the fifth cen- 
tury? [Russell's Modern Europe. 

When did the Sax in Britain? [Ibid, p. 54. 

When did iElla, the Saxon, conquer nearly all 
Britain? [Bid. 

When was Arthur King of the Cu tnbrian Britons? 

[ Tytler and Lyme 

What wore the names of the three Queens of Ar- 
thur? [Mrs. Hall's i >fEng.,pp. 189, 198,205. 

Arthur, King of the Cumbrian Britons, with his " Kn 
of the Round Table, has been the theme of history ^ind legend, 
of minstrel and poet, for many ages, though we have but 
authentic infi treer. Mrs. Hall tells us 

of his three Guenevers. The *rst and second she pai' 
gentle and noble, b • share the throne with 

Arthur. It was on ofhisnupt 'juenever 

second, very soon after the battle of Bannesdown Hill, in 511, 
when Arthur, flushed with victory, instituted the famous 
of knighthood whose members were designated the " Knigbta 
of the Round Table." The motto assigned to the order was, 
" Spread be my board, round as the horizon and ample a? rr.y 
heart, that there may be no first or last ; for odious is distinc- 
tion, where merit is equal."' 

Of Guenever third, nothing commendable is said by Mrs. 
Hall, who represent:} her character in the same light as Sir 
Walter Scott gives in his "Bridal of Thierma 
biographer r.nd the poet agree. [Mrs. Rall,vp. 130, t 
1* 



10 ENGLISH CHART. 

What is the date of the final subjugation of the 
island by the Saxons? [ Worcester's Chart of History, 

How many kingdoms did the Saxons establish in 
Britain ? [ Russell's Modern Europe, vol.1, p. 55. 

By what title arc these seven kingdoms distin- 
guished? [Ibid. 

What are the names of the seven kingdoms which 
constituted the Saxon Heptarchy? [Ibid. 

By whom and at what date were each <»f these 
established? [Lyman's Historical Chart. 

At what periocl did the Saxons embrace Chris- 
tianity? [Tytler** Chronological Table. 

Under whoso preaching were they converted to 
Christianity? [Ibid. 

What two distinguished men lived during the 
time of the Sax barchy? [Lyman' 1 s Chart. 

Who was the first Christian princess of Saxon 
Britain, and of what country was she a native? 
[Mrs. Hail's Queens of England, page 219. 

i ha, of Fj I , , 'i;ime can hut excite 

peculiar intere of posterity as hav- 

ing fir-t introdua aity among the Saxons. Her 

accompli hearts, and her irreproachable 

conduct their esteem. She was zealous for the propagation of 
her faith. She made use of every Legitimate means to recon- 
cile her husband (Ethelbert, King of Kent) to the principles 
of Christianity. It was mainly duo to this princess that Pope 
Gregory the Great sent St. Augustine on his celebrated missien 
to Britain, which resulted in the Saxons embracing Chris- 
tianity. Augustine was hospitably entertained at the Court 
of Ethelred and Bertha, and every facility which they could 
r-i\e to forward hifl mission, ■• tly and freely accorded 

him. [Mrs. HaW, } ens of England, page 221. 

Who united the Saxon Heptarchy into one king- 
dom? [Russell's Modern Europe, vol. \,p. 55. 

Of whicn one of the seven kingdoms was Egbert 
King by inheritance? [Ibid. 

At what date did he subdue the other kingdoms of 
the Heptarchy? [Ibid. 



ENGLISH HISTORY. 



CHAPTER II. 

THE SAXON DYNASTY. 

When was the Monarchy established in England, 
and who was the first King ? 

[Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 55. 
What was the name and native country of the 
Queen of Egbert ? 

[Mrs. Hall's Q;<(:cns of England, page 309. 
By whom was Egbert succeeded, and what rela- 
tionship existed between them? 

[Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 55. 
What was the name and native country of the 
first Queen of Ethelwolf ? 

[Mrs. Hall's Queens of England, page 309. 
What relationship existed between Ethelwolf and 
his successors, and what were their names? 

[RusselVs Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 77. 
What princess is mentioned as the consort both 
of Ethelwolf and his son Ethelbald, and of what 
country was she a native? 

[Mrs. HaWs Queens of England, page 324. 
Of the two brothers, Ethelbert and Ethelbald, 
who succeeded their father in 857, which of them 
longest survived, and at what date did he reign 
alone? [Russell's Modern Europe, page 77. 

By whom was Ethelbert succeeded, and what re- 
lationship existed between them? [ibid. 

What event is noticed in this reign, and what is 
the date of tb ' [ Ty tier's Chronological Table. 



12 ENGLISH HISTORY. 

By whom was Ethelred succeeded, and what rela- 
tionship existed between them? 

[Russell's Modern Europe, vol. I,page77. 
What was the name and native country of the 
Queen Consort of Alfred the Gr<- 

[Mrs. Hall's Queens of England, page 336. 
What are 1 •<•<] in connection with 

the reign of Alfred the Great? 

[Russell's Modern Euro^ ? 79, 80, 81. 

What are the dates of each of these events? 

[Lyman's Chart and Tytler's Tables. 
What appellation was bestowed upon Alfred by 
his people? 

Note. — The appellatioi pon Alfred byh' 

ful p( - more pleasing to such a mind a 

than the title of "Gi - been tmivei 

awarded : ; l after hi Hume 

that perfect chari 
:, under . the 

delineating rather 
■ . • ipes of e 

[II 

• i ■ and 

- 

.. ■ ■: 

Ill |g 

: 
in which he lived. [ Wi J 70. 

] gave every i rnent to the cultivation 

*f letters, a:s the best means of eradicating barbarism. H« 
invited from every quarter of Europe the learned to resile \m 
lominions; established school 1 the University »f 

Oxford, and was hi :aroftho 

age in which he lived, as appears from the works whi< 
composed — Poetical Apologues, the translation • tories 

<?de, Orosius, and of Bocthius on the Consolation of 
Philosophy. [Tytler\ ry, page 135. 

Note.— Alfred was no less attentive to the propagation «f 
thos« mechanical arts which have a more sensible, though not 



ENGLISH HISTORY. J.'j 

a more intimate, connection with the welfare of a State. Ho 
introduced and encouraged manufactures of all kinds, and 
suffered no inventor or improver ■ useful or ingenious 
art to go unrewarded. He prompted men of activii, 
industry to apply them ition, and to push com 

merce into the mo.; distant coi and he set apart a 

seventh portion of Lis own r tintaining a number 

of workmen, whom he employed in rebuilding the ruined 
cities and . The elegancie id to have been 

brought to hin 1 md the Indies, 

and his subjects seeing the- < -eduction 

means of acqu taught t 

those peaceful virtues by winch alone such bl< an be 

earned cr insured. [Russell' s Mo 

By whom was Alfred succeeded on the thr 
and what relationship existed between them? 

[Ibid, page 04. 
Give the names a. e country of the three 

consorts of Edward the Elder, in regular 01 . 
[Mrs. Half nd.pp. 351, 352. 

When was the Unr of Cambridge founded? 

A, is. Anno Domini 915." [Tytler's Tal 

What other event, is noticed in this reign? 

[Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 95. 
Who was the succi Edward the Elder, and 

what relationship existed between them? 

[Mrs. Hall's Queens of England, page 351. 
What memorable law was passed in the reigi 
Athelstanthe Wise? [Russell's Mod. Europe, p. 95. 
Who was the mother of Athelstan / 

[Mrs. Hall's Queens of England, pa 
By whom was he succeeded, and what relation 
existed between them ? 

[Russell's Modern Europe, vol. l y page 95- 
Who was the mother of Edmund the Pious ? 

[Mrs. Hall's Queens of England, page 359. 
What was the name and native country of his 
Queen? [Ibid. 



14 ENGLISH HISTORY. 

By whom was Edmund succeeded upon the throne, 
and what relationship ^ between them? 

[Russell's Modern Europe, page 

What events are noted in the reign of Edred, and 
what are the dates of those events? [Ibid, 96. 

Who succeeded Edred, and what relationship ex- 
isted between them ? [Ibid, 97. . 

What are the events noticed in the reign of Edwy, 
and what are the dates of those events? [Ibid. 

In what did Edwy differ from his predecessor 
Edred, and what was the result of his contest with 
the Monks? [Ibid. 

What v name and native country of the Queen 

of Edwy ? [Mrs. Hall's Queens of England,]?. 366. 

Who was the successor of Edwy, and what rela- 
tionship existed between them? 

[RusseWs Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 97. 
What were the names of Edgar's two Queens, and 
what was the native country of each? 

[Mrs. Hall's Queens of En-gland, page 374. 
What is said of the reign and character of Edgar? 

[RusseWs, Modern Europe, pages 97, 98. 
By whom was Edgar succeeded, and what rela- 
tionship existed between them? [Ibid, p. 99. 
At whose instigation was he murdered? [Ibid. 
When did this occur? 

Ans. Anno Domini 978. [Ibid. 

Who was the mother of Edward the Martyr? 

[Mrs. HalVs Queens of England, page 374. 
By whom was Edward succeeded, and what rela- 
tionship existed between them? 

[RusseWs Modern Europe, page 99. 
What is the event noticed in this reign, and what 
is tho date of that event? [Ibid. 

Who was the mother of Ethelred ? [Ibid, 



ENGLISH HISTORY. 15 

Who was the first Queen of Ethelred, and what 
was her native country ? 

[Mrs. HaWs Queens of England, page 395. 

Including Athelred, how many Kings had, up to 
this date, sat upon the English throne since the 
Monarchy was established by Egbert in 827 ? 

Give the dates consecutively when each of these 
ascended the throne, and state the length of each 
reign. 

How many years elapsed from the time that Eg- 
bert established the Monarchy until the end of the 
reign of Athelred? 

What was the name of the second Queen of Athel- 
red, and what was her native country ? 

[Mrs. HalVs Queens of England, page 395. 



ENGLISH HISTORY. 



CHAPTER III 

DANISH AND SAXON DYNASTIES. 

What foreign King invaded England in 1015, and 
held sovereign sway over the island for a short time? 
[Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 100. 

Who ascended the throne in 1016, and what 
hereditary claim did he have to the crown of Eng- 
land? (Ibid. 



16 ENGLISH HISTORY, 

What treaty is mentioned in the reign of Edmund 
Ironside, and what was the result and date of that 
treaty? d t 101. 

What was the name and native country of . 
Queen of Edmund Ironside? 

[Mrs. HalVs Queens of England, page 406. 
What is the date of the Danish Conqu. 

[RussclVs Modern Europe> vol. 1, page 101. 
What is the name of the Danish conqueror who 
mounted the throne of England in 1017 ? [Ibid. 
What is said of the power of Canute the Great ? 
[Lyman's Historical Chart. 
What was the name of the first consort of Cai. 
the Great, and what was her native coun 

[RussclVs Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 106. 
Who was Lis second consort-. 
native country? 

[Airs. HaW s Queens of J \ge 395. 

What relationship did 
tain to four sovereigns of England, viz: Athel 
Canute the Great, Hardic* 
Confessor! [RussclVs Mode p. 106. 

By whom was Canute the Great led, and 

what relationship existed between them? [Ibid. 

Who was the mother of Harold Harefoot? [lb 

By whom was Harold Harefoot succeeded, and 
what relationship existed between them? [Ibid. 

Who was the mother of Hardic 

[Mrs. HalVs Queens of I ige 425. 

Whateventis noticedin the reign of Hardicanute? 

[ Lym ici's Ch art. 

How many of the Danish race of Kings swayed 
the sceptre of England? Give the date and length 
of each reign in the order in which they occurred. 

Who ascended the throne of Ecgland in IG4J 



ENGLISH HISTORY. 

what race of Kings was he, and what claim did ho 
advance to the crown of England ? 

[Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 10(L 
Who was the mother of Edward the Confessor? 
[Mrs. Hall's Queens of England, page 428. 
What was the name, character and native country 
of the Queen of Edward the Confessor? 

[Ibid, page 440. 
What great work did he do for the better regula- 
tion of the interest of his subjects in 1044? 

[Lyman's Historical Chart. 
What other particular is mentioned of him? 

[Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 106. 
By whom was he succeeded ? [Ibid, page 108. 
By what authority did Harold, Earl Godwin, 
ascend the throne? [Lyman's Historical Chart. 

What was the name andnative country of Harold's 
consort ? [Mrs. Hall's Queens of England, p. 458. 

How many Kings of Saxon origin reigned over 
England after the Danish conquest ? 

Note.— Emma, of Normandy, was the first princess of for- 
eign birth who had intermarried with an English sovereign 
since Bertha of France, had shared the throne first with Ethel- 
wolf, and then with his 3on Eihelbald, Like Bertha, she too 
shared the throne with two sovereigns ; but her two royal 
husbands were not related to each other, as were the hus- 
bands of Bertha. Yet, notwithstanding the able defence of 
Queen Emma by Mrs, Hall, we would conjecture she was fond 
of the state a»d title of Queen, She married the mortal foe of 
her first husbands and the conqueror of his realm whose power 
sent forth her Saxon children to seek an asylum at the Court 
of her brother, the Duke of Normandy, 

The marriage of Etbslred with this "Pearl of Normandy/' 
as Bhe was styled in her father's Court, was the remote cause 
of tna conquest of England by the Normans, Edward the 
Confessor having been protected and educated at the Court of 
his uncle, carried with him, to the throne of England, Norrnzm 
manners and feelings, and thronged his Court with Norman 
noblee ; and although this so far disgusted his Saxon subjecti 
o 






18 ENGLISH HISTORY. 

as to cause them upon his death to advance the Saxon Harold 
to the throne, the ambition of William of Normandy was not 
to be restrained by the election of Harold to the vacant throne. 
Pretending to lay great stress upon a promise given him by 
Edward the Confessor, while a guest at the Court of his father, 
and also upon a will made by the deceased monarch in his 
favor, he landed in England with an army, and by the right of 
conquest took possession of the crown. King Harold was 
killed at the battle of Hastings, and none other arose to dis- 
pute the title of William of Normandy to the vacant throne. 
Under his government the English suffered many of the evils 
of a conquered people ; for although William took the usual 
oath administered to the Anglo-Saxon Kings, when he was 
crowned at Westminster Abbey, and confirmed the nobility 
and gentry in the possession of their lands and dignities, and 
London and the other cities in the enjoyment of their liberties 
and immunities, he very soon disarmed the natives, placed all 
real power in the hands of the Normans, among whom he 
divided the forfeited estates of Harold and his adherents. The 
Saxons were excluded from every road to riches or prefer- 
ment, and it became a crime in an Englishman to be opulent, 
noble or powerful. He caused the Norman language to be 
adopted in the service of the Church, as well as in the courts 
of justice ; he introduced the feudal system, and he compelled 
the people to extinguish their fires at the sound of the curfew 
bell, or "the fire covering bell," which was rung at eight 
o'clock in the evening. Says Dr. Russell: "He laid waste 
the fertile country between the Humber and the Tees, reduced 
the houses to ashes, destroyed the implements of husbandry, 
and the lives of a hundred thousand persons are computed to 
have been sacrificed to this one stroke of his barbarous 
policy." 

One of the most useful acts of his reign was his compiling the 
celebrated " Doomsday Book," which contained a register of 
all the estates of the kingdom. [Russell and Worcester. 



ENGLISH HISTORY. 



CHAPTER IV. 

THE NORMAN DYNASTY. 
What decisive battle was fought in 1066, and 
what was the result of that battle? 

[Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 111. 
Who succeeded to the throne of England in 1066? 

[Ibid. 
Read the note appended to Chapter III., and tell 
by what title William the Conqueror ascended the 
throne of England? 

What law did William the Conqueror introduce 
into England, and at what date did he introduce it? 
[RusselVs Modem Europe, vol. 1, page 140. 
What was the name and native country of the 
Queen consort of William the Conqueror? 

[Miss Strickland's Queens of Eng., vol. l,p. 17. 
By whom was William the Conqueror succeeded, 
and what relationship existed between them ? 

[RusselVs Modem Europe, vol. 1, page 143. 
By whom was William Rufus succeeded, and what 
relationship existed between them? [Ibid, 146. 

What bloody contest is recorded in the reign of 
Henry Beauclerck, and what cruel deed did the 
King perpetrate upon the person of his brother 
Robert/ [Lyman's Chart. 

What were the names of the two Queens of Henry 
Beauclerck, and what was the native country of 
each of them? 

[Miss Strickland 1 s QueensofEng., vol. l,p. 79, 119. 



20 ENGLISH HISTORY. 

Who was his successor upon the throne, and what 
relationship existed between them? 

[Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 160. 
Through whom did Stephen, Earl of Blois, claim 
a right to ascend the throne of England? [Ibid. 

What was the name and native country of the 
Queen of Stephen? 

[Miss Strickland's Queens of England, p. 142. 
When was astronomy introduced into England, 
and from what people ? 

[Lyman's Table of Discoveries and Inventions. 
When was geometry introduced, and from what 
source? [Ibid. 

When were glass windows first used? [Ibid. 
When was canon law introduced into England? 
[Ty tier's Chronological Table. 
How many Norman Kings reigned over England* 
and what was the date and length of each reign? 

Note. — By examining the explanations and references on 
the Chart, it will be seen that the bright scarlet circles denote 
usurpers, or those who attained supreme power by subverting 
the hereditary rights of others. Thus it will be seen that the 
whole race of Norman Kings ascended the throne by violence. 
William Rufus and Henry Beauclerck both invaded the heredi- 
tary rights of their eldest brother Robert, and Henry finally 
put out his eyes, and kept him a prisoner for twenty-eight 
years. It seemed a just retribution when the proud heir of 
this cruel and unnatural brother was lost at sea. Miss Strick- 
land says : * ' Henry was so thunder-struck with the disastrous 
tidings that he sank upon the floor in a deep swoon, and 
remained in that condition for several hours ; and the chroni- 
clers all agree that he was never again seen to smile." The 
loss of the young prince caused the nephew of King Henry to 
aspire to the throne ; thus invading the hereditary rights of 
the daughter of Henry— the Empress Matilda, or Maude. So 
it will be seen that Stephen, the last of the Norman Kings, 
is also represented on the Chart as a usurper. 



ENGLISH HISTORY. 



CHAPTER Y. 

THE PLANTAGENET DYNASTY. 

What succession ascended the throne on the death 
of Stephen, Earl of Blois ? 

[Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 162. 

Who was the first sovereign of the House of Plan- 
tagenet? [Ibid. 

Did Henry II. ascend the throne by the right of 
•conquest or by hereditary right? [Ibid. 

Through whom did he claim his right to sway the 
sceptre of England? [Ibid* 

Who was his father? [Ibid. 

What was the name and native country of the 
Queen of Henry II? 

[Miss Strickland' s Queens of England, vol. I,pl66. 

What events are noticed in this reign ? Give the 
date of each event. 

[Russell 1 s Modern Europe, vol. 1, pp. 168, 170. 

Who succeeded Henry II., and what relationship 
existed between them? [Ibid, page 172. 

What important expedition did Richard I. under- 
takeas soon as he ascended the throne? [Ibid, p. 178. 

What was the name and native country of the 
Queen Consort of Richard I? 

[Miss Strickland's Queens of Eng., vol. 2,_p.9. 

Note. — It is a singular fact that Berengaria, although the 
consort of one of England's most renowned sovereigns, and a 
patron of every genuine and conjugal virtue, was never on the 
shores of England. [Ibid, page 27. 



22 BNGLI8H HISTORY. 

By whom was Richard I. succeeded, and what 
relationship existed between them? 

[Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 183. 

What events are noticed in this reign, and what 
16 the date of each event? [Ibid, pages 186, 187. 

Note. — On the death of Richard I., John Lackland disputed 
the succession with his nephew r Arthur, Duke of Britany or 
Bretagne, the son of Geoffrey, the elder brother of John. 
Every thing promised success to the young Duke Arthur, 
when he was unfortunately taken prisoner by his ambitious 
uncle John, and inhumanly murdered. The fate of this un- 
happy youns: prince, says Dr. Russell, " is differently related, 
but the following seems the most probable account: After 
having employed unsuccessfully different assassins, John went 
himself in a boat, by night, to the Castle of Rouen, where 
Arthur was confined, and ordered him to be brought forth. 
Aware of his danger, and subdued by the continuance of his 
misfortunes and by the approach of death, the brave youth 
who had before gallantly maintained the justice of his cause, 
threw himself upon his knees before his uncle, and begged for 
mercy. But the barbarous tyrant, making no reply, stabbed 
his nephew to the heart, and fastening a stone to the dead 
body, threw it into the Seine. John's misfortunes commenced 
with his crime. The whole world was struck with horror at 
the barbarity of his conduct, and he was from that moment 
detested by his subjects, both in England and on the Conti- 
nent." It was from this wieked and despicable tyrant that 
the English Barons extorted that great palladium ©f English 
liberty, the Magna Charta. 

[Russell's Modem Europe, vol. I, pages 183, 187. 

What are the names of the two consorts of John 
Lackland, and what the native country of each? 

[Miss Strickland 1 s Queens of England,vol. 2, pp. 28, 30. 

Note. — Notwithstanding the civil troubles in England for 
the last century and a half, many foreign improvements were 
introduced into the kingdom; and a great advance was made 
in civilization, commerce and power. 

[Lyman's Chart, and Russell, page 172. 

Note, —The Piantagenets all married foreign princesses, 
which not only brought them an acquisition of Continental 



ENGLISH HISTORY. 23 

power, but was the means of introducing many improvements 
in the arts, sciences, manufactures, &c, &c. One of the con- 
sorts of King John was native born, but she died before he 
ascended the throne. 

By whom was Jolm Lackland succeeded, and 
what relationship existed between them? 

[RusseWs Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 198. 

What two important political events are noticed 
in connection with the reign of Henry III? 

[Ibid, pages 199, 202. 

What important inventions in the reign of Henry 
III? [Lyman's Table of Inventions. 

Who was the mother of Henry III ? 

[Miss Strickland's Queens of Eng., vol. 2, p. 36. 

What was the name and native country of his 
consort? [Ibid, page 47. 

By whom was Henry succeeded, and what rela- 
tionship existed between them? 

[RusseWs Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 243. 

What are the events noticed in the reign of Ed- 
ward I. of England, and what is the date of each 
event? [Lyman's Chart and Russell, pp. 220, 221. 

Note. — By a most palpable error imaginable, one which is 
subject to detection by the veriest tyro in history — one which 
can be corrected by any child who has ever read the shortest 
abridgment of English history — the appellation of English 
Justinian, which has been awarded to Edward I. by all English 
historians, has on the Chart been bestowed upon Edward III. 
The events noticed on the Chart in connection with the reign 
of Edward I. are sufficiently indicative of his character as a 
warrior and politician ; but, says Dr. Russell : " His merits as a 
legislator obtained for him the honorable appellation of ' Eng- 
lish Justinian.' The numerous statutes passed during his reign, 
settled the chief points of jurisprudence, and deserve the 
name, says Sir Edward Coke, of establishments; because they 
have been more constantly standing and durable than any 
made since. * * * But although Edward took so 
much care that his subjects should do justice to each other, 
we cannot ascribe it to his love of equity ; for in all his trans- 



24 ENGLISH HISTORY. 

actions, either with them or with his neighbors, he alwavs 
desired to have his own hands free ; and his violences upon 
both were not few." [BusseWs Mod. Europe, vol. I, p. 223. 

What were the names and native countries of the 
two consorts of Edward I? 

[Miss Strickland's Queens Eng., vol. 2, pp. 89,109. 
Who succeeded Edward II., and what relation- 
ship existed between them ? 

[Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 223. 
What celebrated battle was fought, in which the 
English were defeated in 1314? [Ibid, 225. 

What befell the King in 1326? [Ibid, 228. 

What was the name of the Queen Consort of Ed- 
ward II., and what was her native country? 

[Miss Strickland's Queens of Eng., page 122. 
Who was the mother of Edward II ? [Ibid, 99. 
By whom was Edward II. succeeded on the throne, 
and what relationship existed between them ? 

[Russell's Modern Europe, page 240. 
What events are noticed in the reign of Edward 
III? [Ibid, 241. 

Where and when were cannon first used by the 
English? [Lyman's Chart. 

When were muskets first used? 

[Lyman's Table of Inventions. 
What was the name and native country of the 
Queen Consort of Edward II? 

[Miss Strickland' s Queens of Eng., page 187. 
By whom was Edward III. succeeded, and what 
relationship existed between them ? 

[Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 258. 
Through whom did Richard II. claim the crown 
of England ? [Ibid. 

What was the name and native country of the 
mother of Richard II? 

[Miss Strickland's Queens of Eng., vol. 2, p. 198. 



ENGLISH HISTORY. 25 

What were the names of his two Queens, and what 
was the native country of each ? 

[Ibid, page 296; vol. 3, 2iage ( J. 

Note. — To Anne of Bohemia is attributed the honor of being 
the first in that illustrious band of princesses who were the 
nursing mothers of the Reformation; and Fox, the Martyrolo- 
gist, declares that the Bohemians who attended Anne to Eng- 
land, first introduced the works of Wickliffe to John Huss ; 
and Count Valerian Krasinski, in his valuable History of the 
Reformation in Poland, confirms this assertion, from the 
records of his country. 

[Miss Strickland's Queens of England, vol. 2, p. 211. 

What two great events are mentioned in connec- 
tion with the reign of Richard II., which have had a 
prominent influence upon the national character of 
England? \ Lyman's Chart. 

When did Wickliffe die? [Ibid. 

Which of the Plantagenet Kings ascended the 
throne by violence ? 

[RusseWs Modern Europe, vol. \,page 18U. 

How many kings of this race of sovereigns reigned 
over England, and what is the date and length of 
each reign ? 



ENGLISH HISTORY. 



CHAPTER VI. 

LANCASTERIAN DYNASTY. 

What battle was fought in 1399, and what was the 
result of that battle? [Lyman's Chart. 

What befell King Richard II. the same year? 

[Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, page%£fil. 
Who ascended the throne the same year? [Ibid. 

Note. — Read the third paragraph in the second column on 
the Chart, and state the cause of the civil war denominated 
the " War of the Roses," which desolated England so long a 
period, and tell by what authority Henry IV. ascended the 
throne, and whose hereditary rights he invaded. 

What were the names of the two consorts of 
Henry IV., and what was the native country of each? 

[Miss Strickland's Queens o/Eng, vol. 3,pp. 38, 54. 

What battle was fought in 1403 ? 

[Ty tier's Chronological Table. 

What important law was passed in 1410, which 
attaches a stigma to this reign? 

[Russell's Mod. Europe, p. 262. 

By whom was Henry IV. succeeded, and what 
relationship existed between them? [Ibid, 264. 

What are the two events noticed in the reign of 
Henry V., and what is the date of one of them? 



[Ibid, pages 274, 276. 
lenry V ? 



Who was the mother of Henry 
[Miss Strickland's Queens o/Eng., vol. 3, p. 54.. 



ENGLISH HISTORY. 27 

What was the name and native country of his Queen 
Consort? [Ibid, page 82. 

Who succeeded Henry V. upon the throne, and 
what relationship existed between them? 

[Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 277 . 

What events are noticed in this reign, and what 
are the dates of each? 

Who was the Queen of Henry VI., and what was 
her native country ? 

[Miss Strickland's Queens ofEng., vol. 3, p. 123. 

How many sovereigns of the Lancasterian Dy- 
nasty reigned over England ? Give the date of each 
reign, and the length of each. 

How many of the Lancasterian Kings ascended 
the throne by violence ? Give the name or namea 
of those who did so. 

Whom did Henry IV. dethrone ? 

Note. — Henry IV. had been one of the most popular noble- 
men in England. He had been educated in the doctrines of 
Wickliffe, whom his father " John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancas- 
ter," had protected and favored. He had seen his aged sire, 
" Old John of Gaunt, time-honored Lancaster," dragged from 
a retirement which he loved, before the court tribunal of 
Richard II., to clear himself of the accusation of treason, 
which had no other foundation than the favor and protection 
which he had bestowed upon the great Wickliffe, the first 
translator of the Bible into English. He himself had been 
banished from England, on an unfounded charge of treason, 
originating in his father's expressed opinions in favor of the 
reformer, and in which the courtiers implicated Henry. But 
after he ascended the throne, says Worcester, " he needed the 
support of the clergy, to sustain him in^ his usurped posses- 
sions. He yielded his faith to his political interest. He per- 
secuted and endeavored to suppress the faith his father loved ; 
and has the unenviable distinction of being the first English 
sovereign who favored the burning of their subjects for their 
religious opinions. He became a very unpopular monarch. 
His peace of mind was destroyed by jealousy and remorse. 
He was an object of pity, even when seated on a throne, and 
he felt the truth of the language which Shakspeare puts into 
his mouth : " ' Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown^' " 



ENGLISH HISTORY. 



CHAPTER VII. 

HOUSE OF YORK. 

What battle was fought in 1471? [Lyman's Chart. 

Note Read the second paragraph in the last column on 

the Chart, and tell why there is an apparent anachronism in 
placing the battle of Tcwksbury between Henry VI. and Ed- 
ward IV. 

When was the first sovereign of the House of York 
proclaimed King? 

[Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 289. 
Who was the first King of this House? (Ibid. 

Note.— Trace the genealogy and tell by what claim Edward 
IV. ascended the throne of England. 

According to hereditary rights, who had the best 
•claim to the crown of England, Henry VI. or Ed- 
ward IV? 

What are the events noticed in connection with 
the reign of Edward IV ? 

[Sir Edward Bulwer and Russell. 
What was the name and native country of the 
•Queen of Edward IV? 

Who succeeded Edward IV. upon the throne, and 
what relationship existed between them? 

[Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, page293. 
What were the events of the reign of Edward V., 
and what was the result of those events ? 

[Ibid, page 295. 



ENGLISH HISTORY. 29 

Who succeeded Edward V. upon the throne, and 
tvhat relationship existed between them ? 

[Ibid, page 295. 

What event is noticed as ending with the reign of 
Richard III? [Ibid, 297. 

With what battle did the reign of Hi chard III. 
:dose, and what is the date of that battle? [Ibid 297. 

What was the name of the Queen of Richard III., 
md what was her native country ? 

[Miss Strickland's Queens ofEng., vol.S, p. 243. 

How many sovereigns of the House of York wore 
the crown of England ? Give the date and length 
ijf each reign. 

How many of these ascended the throne by sub- 
verting the rights of others ? 

Note. — Look on the Chart and see whose rights Richard 
III. invaded when he ascended the throne. 

Note.— "The multiplied and detestable crimes of Richard III, 
who had waded to the throne through the blood of his nearest 
relations,*' says Worcester, " found anavengerin Henry, Earl 
of Richmond, the only surviving heir to the House of Lancas- 
ter." On the bloody field of Bosworth the crown of England 
was again lost and won, Richard was slain, lighting bravely 
to the last. "A life so infamous," says Hume, "did not merit 
so glorious a death." Dr. Russell says: "His bravery and 
talents earned him such a death, and it would have been a 
matter of regret had he died in his bed, after disturbing so 
cruelly the repose of mankind ; but his death was sufficiently 
violent to prevent his life from becoming an object of imita^ 
tion." 



ENGLISH HISTORY. 



CHAPTER VIII. 

HOUSE OF TUDOR. 

What house or dynasty ascended the throne in 
1485, the same date as the battle of Bosworth? 

(RusseWs Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 311. 

What was the name of the first King of the House 
of Tudor? (Ibid. 

What was the name of the Queen of Henry VII., 
and what was her native country? (Ibid. 

Note. — Trace the genealogy of Henry VII., and also the 
genealogy of his Queen, Elizabeth of York, and read the rival 
claims united by the marriage of these heirs of the long con- 
tending factions of the "Red and White Roses," and we must 
conclude that this marriage gave universal satisfaction to the 
nation. But Dr. Russell says that "although Henry was in 
many respects a prudent and politic prince, he had unhappily 
imbibed a violent antipathy against the adherents of the House 
of York, which no time or experience was ever able to efface; 
and as he carried to the throne all the partialities that belong 
to the leader of a faction, his reign did not give that universal 
satisfaction to his subjects, which they had anticipated, and 
which a more liberal policy would have done. He, neverthe- 
less, availed himself of the situation in which he was placed — 
holding the balance of power between the two factions which 
had so long distracted England — to suppress, in a great 
measure, the feudal system. 

Wko succeeded Henry VII., and what relation- 
ship existed between them? 

(RusseWs Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 319, 
How many Queens did Henry VIII. have? 



ENGLISH HISTORY. iVi 

What were their names, and what the native 
oountry of each? 

{Miss Strickland's Queens of England, vol. i, pp. 63, 122, 

216, 236, 271); vol. 5, page 9. 

Note. — Henry VIII. divorced his first Queen, Catharine of 
Arragon : beheaded Anne Boleyn; Jane Seymour died, at the 
birth of her son, Edward VI.; Anne of Cleves was divorced ; 
Katharine Howard beheaded ; Katharine Parr outlived tho 
" regal ruffian," who has the unenviable distinction of being 
the first English monarch who ever brought a female to the 
block. Never before the legal murder of Anne Boleyn had 
the blood of woman flowed from a scaffold in England. Miss 
Strickland says : li Even in the Norman reigns of terror, wo- 
man's life had been held sacred ; and the most merciless of 
the Plantagenet sovereigns had been too manly, tinder any 
provocation or pretence, to butcher ladies. But the age of 
chivalry was over, and not one spark of its ennobling spirit 
lingered in the breast of the sensual tyrant who gave th« first 
example of sending Queens and Princesses to the block, like 
sheep to the shambles. * * * * 

"On the 19th of May, 1536, Henry VTn., attired for the 
chase, with his huntsmen and hounds around ho», was stand- 
ing under a spreading oak, breathlessly awaiting the signal 
gun from the tower, which was to announce that the axe had 
fallen upon the neck of his once entirely beloved Anne Bo- 
leyn. At last, when the bright summer sun rode high towards 
its meridian, the sullen sound of the death-gun boomed along 
the windings of the Thames. Henry started with ferocious joy . 
' Ha ! ha !' he cried, with satisfaetion, ' the deed is done ; un- 
couple the bounds and away.' * * * * At 
nightfall he was in Wiltshire, telling the news to his bride 
elect, Jane Seymour." The next morning he married this 
beautiful but treacherous maid of honor of his murdered 
Queen, Anne Boleyn. 

It seemed a kind of retributive justice on this Queen, that 
she should be supplanted in the affections of her fickle consort 
by one of her own maids of honor. She had occupied the 
same office in the household of the noble-minded Katharine of 
Arragon, and by her coquetry had estranged the heart of 
Henry from his admirable consort. After she found she had 
captivated the roving fancy of the monarch, she set her heart 
upon obtaining the crown matrimonial of England. She won 
the stake for which she played, but it proved a perilous game. 
The divorce from Katharine of Arragon had been pronounced, 



32 ENGLISH HISTORY. 

and Anne Boleyn crowned Queen Consort of Henry VIII.; yet 
when the ill-treated Katharine expired, the joy of Anne Avas 
unbounded, and she exclaimed : "Now I am indeed a Queen." 
Could she have seen coming events, she would have found 
small cause for joy. In a few short months, the crown matri- 
monial was wrested from her brow, by the hands of her beau- 
tiful maid of honor, and her neck consigned to the merciless 
olow of the headsman of Calais, who had been brought to 
England to perform this dastardly deed of royal butchery. 

{Miss Strickland's Queens of England, vol. 4. 

When were hats first made in London ? 

[Lyman 1 s Tables of Inventions. 
What foreign luxuries were introduced into Eng- 
land in the reign of Henry VIII ; from what country, 
and what date? [Ibid. 

By whom was Henry VIII. succeeded, and what 
relationship existed between them? 

[Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 410. 
Which one of the Queens of Henry VIII. was the 
mother of Edward VI ? [Ibid. 

What is said of the disposition of Edward towards 
the Reformation? [Lyman's Chart. 

When did the great trading companies take their 
rise in England? 

[Lyman's Table of Improvements. 
By whom was Edward VI. succeeded, and what 
relationship existed between them ? 

[Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 410. 
What was the name of Queen Mary's mother, 
and what was her native country ? [Ibid, 

What was the event noticed in the reign of Queen 
Mary? [Ibid, 119. 

Who was the consort of Queen Mary, and what 
was his native country? [Ibid, 118. 

By whom was Mary succeeded, and what rela« 
iship existed between them? 

[Russell's Modern Europe, vol. I, page 410, 



ENGLISH HISTORY. 33 

Who was the mother of Queen Elizabeth, and 
what was her native country? [Ibid. 

When was the Church of England established? 

[Lyman's Chart. 
When were post letters first used in England, and 
for what purpose ? 

Lyman'' s Tabic of Improvements. 
When were coaches first used? [Ibid. 

When was the East India Company established? 

[Ibid. 
When did Sir Francis Drake circumnavigate the 
globe? [Ibid; Ty 'tier says 1580. 

W T hen did Sir Walter Kaleigh discover Virginia? 

[Tytler's Table. 
When was Mary Queen of Scots beheaded? 

[Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, pdgc 48G, 
What was the name of the first newspaper estab- 
lished in England, and what was the date of its 
establishment? [Lyman's Table of Improvements. 

When was the first paper mill for making linen 
paper established in England? [Ibid. 

When was stocking wearing invented in England? 
When was the University of Dublin established? 

[Tytler's Table. 
When was the Bank of England incorporated ? 
Ans. Tytler says 1594; Lyman says 1694. 
How many sovereigns of the house of Tudor 
swayed the sceptre of England, and what is the date 
and length of each reign? 

Note. — After a long and eventful reign, glorious in the annals 
of England, Queen Elizabeth, the proud inheritor of all the 
"iron will" of the Tudors, the treacherous relative of Mary 
Queen of Scots, who had planted so many thorns in the pillow 
of that most beautiful but hapless sovereign, was succeeded 
upon the throne of her successors by the son of her long- 
imprisoned kinswoman. Look at the Chart and compare the 
date of the ascension of James VI. to the throne of Scotland 
3 



34 ENGLISH HISTORY. 

with the date of the event " Mary Queen of Scots beheaded," 
annexed to the reign of Elizabeth, and you will find an interval 
of twenty years. Eighteen years of this period was spent by 
this much maligned sovereign in the prisons of Elizabeth Tudor. 
Queen Elizabeth had always been jealous of Mary Stuart's 
near proximity to the throne of England, and also of her 
attractions as a woman, and had ever refused, upon the most 
urgent solicitation of her council, to name any successor to 
her crown. But when the Royal Tudor Lioness, as she has 
been styled, was laid upon her dying couch, and her Ministers 
insisted on her naming a successor, she replied : " I have held 
a Regal Sceptre; I desire no other than a Royal Successor." 
Even in that moment she seemed averse to explicitly naming 
the son of her persecuted kinswoman as the heir of the crown 
which she was about to leave ; but Cecil, wishing her to be 
more definite in her answer, asked her to explain herself. She 
then said : " Who should that be but my nearest kinsman, the 
young King of Scots." " And thus," says Dr. Russell, " the 
crown of England passed from the House of Tudor to the 
House of Stuart with as much tranquility as it was ever trans- 
mitted from father to son;" thus realizing the prophetic 
remark of Henry VII. , when his daughter Margaret was de- 
manded in marriage by James IY. of Scotland. When some 
of his Council objected to the Scottish marriage, that at a 
future day it might result in a foreigner's inheriting the crown 
of England, quoth the sagacious monarch : " It would only be 
that Scotland would give England a King. Were such an 
event to occur, it would be the easiest way to conquer our 
sister kingdom. The Scots are proud, and would feel the 
dignity of giving a king to England, and submit without a 
murmur to a native prince of Scotland." 



SCOTTISH HISTORY. 



CHAPTER IX. 

CHAPTER I. OF SCOTTISH HISTORY. 

"When is it supposed that Furgus I. of Scotland 
established the Monarchy, and began to reign? 

Ans. B. C. 330. [Lyman's Chart. 

What interval of time elapsed between the reigns 
of Furgus I. and Furgus II., and what is said of the 
Kings who reigned during this period? [Ibid. 

Under whose preaching, and at what date, were the 
Scots converted to Christianity? [Ty tier's Table. 

What interval elapsed between the reigns of Fur- 
gus II. and Kenneth McAlpin, ard what is said of 
the Kings who reigned during this period ? [Ibid. 

Under whose preaching, and at what date, were 
the Picts converted to Christianity? [Ibid. 

Give the names of the Scottish Kings from Ken- 
neth McAlpin until Malcolm II, in 1004, and the date 
kf each reign. 

v t ote. — These names and dates are given by Tytler and 
Lyman. The genealogy is not given by either author. 

What event is noticed in the reign of Malcolm I., 
and what is the date of that event ? 
Ans. Anno Domini 946. 

[Russell's Modern Europe, vol. \,p. 95. 

Note. — By a typographical error on the Chart, giving 920 
for 946, it causes an anachronism in this event, which is cor- 
rected in the above answer. 

What event is noticed in connection with the reign 
of Kenneth III ? [Tytler' s Chronological Table, 



36 SCOTTISH HISTORY. 

At what date were the Britons of Strathcluyd 
annexed to the Scottish Kingdom? [Ibid. 

Who succeeded Kenneth the Grim upon the 
throne of Scotland? [Lyman s Chart. 

At what date did Malcolm II. publish a new code 
of laws ? [Ibid. _ 

What powerful sovereign invaded Scotland in 
1030 ? [Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, p. 106. 

How do you know Canute was a powerful sovereign? 

(Look on the English Chart, reign of Canute, for 
an answer to the above question.) 

By whom was Malcolm II. succeeded, and what 
relationship existed between them? 

[Mrs. HalVs Life of Emma of Normandy. 

What was the native country of the consort of 
King Duncan I., and whose daughter was she? 

[RusselVs Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 107. 

By whom was Duncan murdered, and when ? [Ibid. 

Note. — When Duncan I. was murdered by Macbeth, bis sons 
fled into England and sought the protection of their grand 
father, Siward, Duke of Northumberland. This nobleman, sc 
celebrated for his loyalty and bravery, undertook, by the 
orders of Edward the Confessor, to restore the fugitive heirs o 
the Scottish crown to their rightful inheritance. He marchec 
into Scotland with an English army, defeated and killed Mac 
beth in battle, and restored Malcolm Cranmore to the throne 
of his ancestors. [RusselVs Mod. Europe, vol. I, p. 1G7. 

When was Malcolm Cranmore restored to the 
throne of his ancestors ? [Ibid. 

What was the name and native country of the 
consort of Malcolm Cranmore? 

[Miss Strickland's Queens ofEng., vol. 1 , p. 80. 

What is tho event noticed in this reign, and wha' 
is the date of that event? [Tytlcr's Table. 

Who succeeded Malcolm Cranmore upon th< 
throne, and in what manner did he attain the crown ' 
[Miss Strickland's Queens ofEng., vol. I, p. 85. 



SCOTTISH HISTORY. 37 

What is said of the state of Scotland during the 
reign of Donald Bane? [Lyman* s Chart. 

By whom was Donald Bane succeeded? 

[Tytler's Table. 

What is the event noticed in the reign of Duncan 
II? [Miss Strickland" 1 s Matilda of Scotland. 

By whom was Duncan II. succeeded, and what 
relationship existed between them ? [Ibid, p. 93. 

By whose agency was Edgar restored to the 
throne of his ancestors ? [Ibid. 

Note. — It Will appear, by giving attention to the events 
noticed in connection with the last three reigns, that Duncan 
II. was but little more than a titular King of Scotland. His 
father and eldest brother, Prince Edward, had both been slain 
in a disastrous expedition into England, and the Queen, who 
was an English princess by birth — a grand-daughter of Ed- 
mund Ironside of England — dying a few days after the King 
aud Prince Edward were slain, Donald Bane took advantage* 
of the death of his sovereign aud prince to grasp the crown : 
and the reign of Duncan was one continued contest with this 
usurper of his rights. Edgar Atherling, the brother of Queen 
Margaret, escaped into England with the younger children of 
his sister; one of whom, the Princess Matilda, was afterwards 
the first Queen Consort of Henry Beauclerck of England. It 
was to the Court of William Rufus that Edgar Atherling fled 
with the royal children of his sister, in this their time of trouble 
and need; and Dr. Russell says: " The most liberal measure 
of the reign of William Rufus was his sending an English army, 
under the command of Edgar Atheling, into Scotland, to 
restore Prince Edgar, the true heir to the Scottish crown, to 
the throne of his ancestors." 

By whom was Edgar succeeded, and what rela- 
tionship existed between them? 

[Miss Strickland's Queens of Eng, vol. 1, p. 108. 

By whom was Alexander the Fierce succeeded, 
and what relationship existed between them ? 

[Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 160. 

What battle was fought in 1138 ? [Ibid. 

Note. — " The battle of the standard" was fought by King 
David of Scotland, in defence of the rights of his niece, the 



33 SCOTTISH HISTORY. 

Empress Maude, or Matilda, wlio at this time was engaged in 
a warm contest against Stephen, Earl of Blois, who had 
usurped the throne of England, on the death of Henry Beau- 
clerck, the father of Matilda. The treaty of Winchester 
secured the succession to the son of the Empress, afterwards 
Henry II.; and by the same treaty, Stephen was allowed to 
retain possession of the throne during his life. There is much 
interest attached to King David I. of Scotland, as the ancestor 
of the great and immortal Robert Bruce; and I have sought 
diligently to find the name and native country of his Queen, as 
being the ancestor of the same renowned character, but have 
sought in vain. 

By whom was David I. succeeded, and what rela- 
tionship existed between them? [Tytler. 
&k ; What is the event noticed in the reign of Mal- 
colm IV? [Tytler. 
[Miss Strickland's Eleanora of Aquetaine. 

By whom was Malcolm IV. succeeded, and what 
was the relationship between them? [Tytler. 

What is said of the Scottish institutions, both in 
Church and State, in the reign of Alexander II ? 
[Lyman's Historical Chart. 

What was the name and native country of the 
Queen of Alexander II? 

[Miss Strickland's Queens of Eng., vol. 2, p. 43. 

By whom was Alexander II. succeeeed, and what 
was the relationship between them? [Lyman's Chart. 

What was the name and native country of the 
Queen Consort of Alexander III? 

[Miss Strickland' 's Queens of Eng., vol. 2, p. 61. 

By whom was Alexander III. succeeded, and what 
relationship existed between them? [Ibid, p. 87. 

Through whom did Margaret, Princess of Nor- 
way, claim the right to ascend the throne of Scot- 
land? [Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, p. 216. 

To whom was Margaret, Princess of Norway, be- 
trothed in 1385 ? 

[Miss Strickland's Queens of Eng., vol. 1, p. 87. 



SCOTTISH HISTORY. 39 

Who succeeded Margaret of Norway on the throne 
of Scotland, and what claim did he advance to the 
crown? [llusseWs Modern Europe, vol. 1, p. 216. 

Who usurped supreme power in Scotland in 1300? 

[Ibid, p. 116. 

In what year did Edward I. of England proceed 
to burn the Scottish records? [Ibid, p. 218. 

In what year did Edward I. have Sir William 
Wallace beheaded? [Ibid, p. 221. 

Note. — It will be seen by a note connected with the reign 
of Malcolm I. of Scotland, which event is also noticed on the 
Chart, that Malcolm rendered homage in 946 to the then King 
of England, Edmund the Pious, for the District of Cumberland. 
Dr. Russell aays : " The Scuts, during the reigns of the Norman 
Kings of England, made many incursions into the bordering 
counties of England. This race of English sovereigns had as 
much to attend to in the southern part of the island, and in 
their Continental dominions, as fully occupied their time and 
means. The first incursion made by the Scots into England, 
under the Plantagenet Kings, proved more disastrous to them 
than former ones had done. Their King, William the Lion, 
was taken prisoner, and Henry II., as the price of his liberty, 
extorted from him not only an exorbitant ransom and the 
promise to surrender the places of the greatest strength in 
Scotland, but compelled him to render homage for his whole 
kingdom. Richard I. of England, more generous than his 
father, solemnly renounced his claims of homage, and absolved 
the Scottish King from the other hard conditions which Henry 
U. had imposed— requiring his Scottish Majesty only to render 
homage for the fiefs which he enjoyed in England." 

But. on. the death of Alexander III. of Scotland, and the loss 
at sea,. on her voyage from Norway to Scotland, of the Prin- 
cess Margaret, near a century after the death of William the 
Lion, Edward I. of England availed himself of the situation of 
affairs in Scotland to revive the claim of sovereignty renounced 
by Richard I. He dethroned Edward Baliol, and usurped the 
supreme power of the realm, gave orders to destroy all the 
Scottish records, and every monument of antiquity which 
might preserve the memory of the independence of the King- 
dom of Scotland and refute the English claims of supremacy. 
After having swayed Scotland with the strong arm of military 
power for many years; after causing the scaffold to stream 



40 SCOTTISH HISTORY. 

with the blood of patriotic Scots, male and female ; after the 
rights of Scotland had been championed by Wallace and 
Brnce ; after he had, with most insulting accompaniments, 
beheaded the one and defeated the other, Edward was ad- 
vancing with a mighty force, determined to make the now 
defenceless Scots the victims of his severity, when he was 
arrested in his remorseless purpose by a power which he could 
not evade. A mighty Conqueror met him at Carisle. He died 
with all his hostility te Scotland unappeased. His dying 
injunctions to his son and successor were to prosecute the Scot- 
tish war, and, to use a poetical quotation from Sir Walter Scott, 

" Such hate was his on Solway'a strand, 
When vengeance clenched his palsied hand, 
That pointed yet to Scotland's land, 

As his last accents prayed 
Disgrace and curse upon his heir, 
If he one Scottish head should spare, 
Till stretched upon the bloody lair 

Each rebel corpse was laid ; 
Such hate was his, when his last breath 
Eenounced the peaceful house of death, 
And bade his bones to Scotland's coast 
Be borne by his remorseless host, 
As if his dead and stony eye 
Could still enjoy her misery." 

[ The lord of the Isles. 
His son little regarded his injunctions. H§ was more 
engaged in sensual pleasures than in prosecuting the ambitious 
designs of his warlike sire. Robert Bruce soon raised an 
army in defence of Scotland. He was crowned King at Scone , 
the same year that Edward II. ascended the throne of Eng- 
land, but the decisive battle of Bannockburn was not fought 
until 1314. In after years, no less than three sovereigns of 
Scotland were prisoners in England, viz: David Bruce, the 
son and successor of the great Robert, was prisoner of Ed- 
ward III. for ten years ; James I. of Scotland was prisoner of 
Henry IV. of England nineteen j^ears ; Mary Queen of Scots 
was the prisoner of Elizabeth of England for eighteen years. 

Who succeeded to the throne of Scotland in 1307, 
and what claim did he advance to the throne? 

[Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, p. 225. 

What was the name and native country of the Queen 
of Robert Bruce ? [Miss J. Porter's Scottish Chiefs. 



SCOTTISH HISTORY. 41 

What decisive battle was fought in 1314 ? 

[Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 225. 

By whom was Robert Bruce succeeded upon the 
throne of Scotland, and what relationship existed 
between them ? [Ibid, 240. 

What was the name and native country of the 
Queen Consort of David II? [Ibid. 

[Miss Strickland's Q. o/Eng., vol. 2, pp. 171, 172. 

How long, and between what dates, was David II. 
prisoner in England / 

[Miss Strickland's Philippa Hainault. 

What King reigned over England at the time that 
David II. was a prisoner there/ 

[Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 24G. 

Who mounted the throne of Scotland during the 
imprisonment of David II? [Ibid, 248. . 

What battle was fought in 1346 ? [Ibid, 246. 

How many Kings have reigned over Scotland 
since Kenneth III. annexed the Britons of Strath- 
cluyd to the Scottish Kingdom, in 985? Give tb« 
date and length of each reign. 

How many ascended the throne by violence/ 

Whom did Macbeth murder when he ascended 
the throne/ 

Whose rights did Donald Bane subvert when lie 
usurped the throne of Scotland/ 

At what date was David II. restored to the throne 
of Scotland/ 

Whose rights did Edward I. of England subvert 
when he usurped the supreme power over Scotland/ 

Note. — There was a disputed succession to the crown of 
Scotland, between the elder Robert Bruce and John Baliol, 
when Edward usurped supreme power. By reading the note 
in this chapter, on pages 39 and 40, you will find that Edward 
I. subverted the rights of prince and people when he usurped 
supreme power in Scotland. 
1* 



SCOTTISH HISTORY. 



CHAPTER X. 

CHAPTER II. OF SCOTTISH HISTORY. 
HOUSE OF STUART. 

What house or line of sovereigns ascended the 
throne of Scotland in 1370? [Lyman's Chart. 

Who "was the first sovereign of the house of Stuart 
who sat upon the throne of Scotland, and what rela- 
tionship existed between him and David II? 

[Tytter's History, page 157. 

Through whom did Robert II. claim the crown of 
Scotland? [Sir Walter ScoWs Notes. 

Who was the father of Robert II? [Ibid. 

What was the name and native country of the 
Queen of Robert II? [Ibid. 

By whom was Robert II. succeeded on the throne 
of Scotland, and what relationship existed between 
them? [Tytler's History, page 157. 

What was the name and native country of the 
Queen of Robert III? 

[Miss Strickland's Scottish Queens, vol. 5, p. 95. 

By whom was Robert III, succeeded, and what 
relationship existed between them? 

[Ty tier's History, page 157. 

What University was founded by James I. of 
Scotland, and at what date? [Ty tier's Table. 

What important court did he establish, and when? 

[Ibid: 



SCOTTISH HISTORY. 43 

How long was James I. of Scotland a prisoner in 
England? [Chambers' Enc. Eng. Lit., vol.1, p. 37. 
Who was King of England at this time? 
(Look to the English Chart for answer.) 
Who was the Queen Consort of James I., and 
what was her native country ? 

[Irving 9 s Sketch Book, page 125. 
By whom was James I. succeeded, and what 
relationship existed between them? 

[Ty tier's History, page 158. 
What was the name and native country of the Queen 
Consort of James II? 

[Miss Strickland's Queens of Eng., vol.3, p. 179. 
What is said of the manner in which James II. 
governed his subjects? 

[Ty tier's History, p. 158; Lyman's Chart. 

Note. — Compare the dote of the efforts* of James II. to sub- 
due the power of the nobles with the "suppression of the 
feudal power" In England by Henry VII., and tell which was 
in advance in this important movement. 

By whom was James II. succeeded, and what 
relationship existed between them? 

[Ty tier's History, page 158. 

What was the name and native country of the 
Queen of James III? 

[Miss Strickland's Queens of Scot., vol. 3,^.12. 

What did Margaret of Denmark bring as her dower 
to the crown of Scotland? [Ty tier's Table. 

Note. — There is a typographical error on the Chart, in the 
date of " Annexation of the Orkney and Shetland Isles as the 
dower of Queen Margaret." The proper date, according to 
Tytler, is 1468. 

By whom was James III. succeeded, and what 
relationship existed between them? 

[ Tytler' s History, page 158* 



44 SCOTTISH HISTORY. 

What was the name and native country of the 
Queen of James IV? 

[Miss Strickland' s Queens of Scot., vol. 1, p. 2. 
What battle was fought, in which the King was 
killed, and what was the date of that battle? 

[Tytler's History, page 158. 
"Who succeeded James IV. upon the throne of 
Scotland, and what relationship existed between 
them? [Ibid. 

Did Scotland give England a King, or did Eng- 
the native country of each? 

[Miss Strickland' s Queens of Scot., vol.1, pp. 161, 318. 
What important measure was adopted by James 
V., in 1534? [Ty tier's Table. 

By whom was James V. succeeded, and what 
relationship existed between them? 

[Russell's Modem Europe, vol. 1, page 392. 
Who was the mother of Mary Queen of Scots? 
[Miss Strickland's Queens of Scot., vol. 3,p. 10. 

What were the names of the consorts of Mary 
Queen of Scots? 

[Miss Strickland's Mary Stuart. 
What two great and important events, which have 
had a j)ermanent influence upon the destiny of Scot- 
land, occurred in 1560? 

[Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 1, page 444. 
Who was the successor of Mary Queen of Scots, and 
what relationship existed between them ? [Ibid, 450. 
Who was the father of James VI. of Scotland, and 
what was his native country ? 

[Miss Strickland's Queens of Scot., vol. 4,^>.309. 
What was the name of the Queen of James VI., 
and what was her native country? 

[Miss Strickland's Queens En g., vol. 7, p. 234. 
What institution of learning was founded by 



SCOTTISH HISTORY. 45 

James VI., in Edinburg, before he ascended the 
English throne? [Lyman's Chart. 

How many sovereigns of the house of Stuart sat 
upon the throne of Scotland before the two king- 
doms were united under one King? 

What was the date and length of each reign ? 

I have given the name of the second consort of Margaret of 
England, the Queen of James IV., and also the consort of her 
daughter, the Lady Margaret Douglas, because of their near 
proximity by marriage to the thrones both of England and 
Scotland. "Mathew Stuart" was first prince of "the blood 
in Scotland. The near proximity to the throne of these noble- 
men, combined with their natural ambition, caused much of 
the trouble of Mary Queen of Scots. Her marriage with the 
son of Lenox, Henry Lord Darnley, only brought her more 
under the political machinations of his power-loving father ; 
and, according to Miss Strickland, Avho has investigated many 
inedited manuscripts of that period, the parents of Darnley 
are chargeable with many of the troubles of this hapless pair 
Lenox instigated his son to join in a conspiracy to snatch the 
reins of government from the hands of his royal wife, and 
although Darnley repented in time to make good his escape 
with her from the hands of the conspiritors, and would never 
confide in them again, and used every effort to prevent her 
placing any confidence in them, he did not have the mag- 
nanimity honestly to tell her of his complicity in then' conspi- 
racy ; and, therefore, of the solid grounds he had for doubting 
their political honesty of purpose. Thus her bitterest foe, 
whom Darnley knew had been the hidden though main spring 
of the conspiracy from which he had saved her by a long mid- 
night ride, continued to sit in her councils as one of her chief 
Ministers. Darnley continued to oppose the Ministers, and 
they recriminated en him by proving his full knowledge of the 
whole conspiracy. All confidence being destroyed between 
them, they fell easy victims to the insidious foes by whom 
they were surrounded. Darnley was slain, and his hapless 
Queen was made to bear the aspersion of having murdered 
him, while the real murderers seized upon the infant prince, 
and in his name carried out their traitorous designs. 



BRITISH HISTORY. 



CHAPTER XI. 

CHAPTER I. OF BRITISH HISTORY. 

Note. — Trace the genealogy of James T. of England back 
to Henry VII., and learn by what right lie ascended the throne 
of England. 

Note.— As James VI. of Scotland, trace the genealogy of 
this same monarch, viz : James VI. of Scotland and I. of Eng- 
land, back to Margaret of England, the Queen of James IV. of 
Scotland, whose second husband yon will (hid was Archibald 
Douglas, Earl of Angus. This English Qneen of James IV. is 
the "same personage as Margaret Tudor, the intervening 
ancestor between Homy VII. and James I. of England. Vou 
will find, by examining the genealogy, that James I. of Eng- 
land is third generation from Margaret Tudor, who is first 
generation from Henry MI. Examine the genealogy of James 
VI., in the Scottish line of sovereigns, and you will find the 
two intervening ancestors between him aucl Queen Margaret 
on the maternal side, were : First, his grandfather, James V. 
of Scotland ; second, his mother, Mary Queen of Scots : third, 
the said James VI. On the paternal side were, first, his grand- 
mother, Lady Margaret Douglass; second, his father. Henry 
Lord Darnley : third, the said James VI. We are told it was 
one of the favorite amusements of the leisure hours of this 
prince to employ himself in examining his genealogical tree, 
and frequently made it a matter of congratulation that he was 
descended from every royal family who had ever sat upon the 
thrones of England or Scotland. From St. Margaret of Eng- 
land, who was the Queen of Malcolm Cranmore of Scotland, 
both the Scottish Kings and the Plantagenet Kings of England 
claimed descent, and through her claimed to have descended 
from the ancient line of Saxon sovereigns. Matilda of Scotland, 
Queen of Henry Beauclerck of England, was the daughter of St. 
Margaret of England, the Queen of Malcolm Cranmore of Scot- 
land. Attention to the nativity of the consorts of the sovereigns 
will establish the fact that it was no unusual thing for a Scottish 
sovereign to marry an English princess. But there was only 
one English sovereign who ever married a Scottish princess. 



BRITISH HISTORY. 47 

Note — To judge from the marriages of the English sovereigns, 
there seems to be an instinctive turning towards the " father- 
land," when matrimonial tics are to be formed. The native 
Saxon sovereigns all married natives of the Island; the Norman 
and Plantagenet Kings turned towards Normandy, Anjouand 
the provinces around, where their native French language was 
spoken. The present ruling dynasty on the throne of Britain 
are of German descent, and have every one married Germans. 

The Stuart race of sovereigns, from the lirst one who 
ascended the throne to the last one of the line, seemed at- 
tached to no particular nation. They intermarried with Danish, 
English, Italians, Portuguese, French and Scottish princesses. 

When were the crowns of England and Scotland 
united, and under what King were they united? 
[Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 2, prtge 41. 

What were the names of his two Queens, and what 
land give a King to Scotland? [Ibid. 

In the short space of eight years after James I. 
ascended the throne of England, what two important 
events occurred, which have had a prominent influ- 
ence upon the destiny of the world? [Lyman's Chart. 

What were introduced into England from Italy 
in 1608? [Lyman's Table of Inventions. 

What invention in Scotland in the reign of James 
I.; by whom, and at what date? [Ibid. 

By whom was James I. of Great Britain suc- 
ceeded, and what relationship existed between them? 
[Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 2, page 65. 

What important political petition bill passed in 
1628? [Ibid, page 72. 

What disastrous occurrence in Ireland in 1641 ? 

[Ibid, page 96. 

Who was beheaded the same year ? [Ibid, 93. 

When did civil war begin? [Ibid. 

What important scientific discovery was published, 
and by whom was it made, in 1628? [Lyman's Chart. 
land hat foreign luxuries were introduced into Eng- 

Win the reign of Charles I? [Ibid. 



48 BRITISH HISTORY. 

What was the name and native country of the 
Queen Consort of Charles I? 

[Miss Strickland's Queens of Eng., vol. 2, p. 5. 

What battle was fought, in 1G45 ? 

[Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 2, page 124. 

When was the Commonwealth of England estab- 
lished? [Ibid, 146. 

What two events are mentioned in connection with 
the Commonwealth of England? [Ibid, 137, 155. 

Who usurped supreme power in England in 1654? 

[Ibid, 161. 

By what title was Oliver Cromwell recognised as 
the chief executive magistrate of the English Gov- 
ernment? [ Tytler's Table. 

What prominent events are noticed in connection 
with the period when Oliver Cromwell held the reins 
of Government in Great Britain? 

[RusselVs Modem Europe, vol. 2, pp. 162, 164. 

Who was declared Lord Protector, on the death 
of Oliver Cromwell ? [Und, page 167. 

What is the only event noticed in connection 
with the name of Richard Cromwell as Lord Pro- 
tector of England? [Ibid, 167. 

What relationship existed between the two Crom- 
wells? [Ibid. 

Note. — By reading the events connected with the exercise 
of supreme power in England by Oliver Cromwell, it will be 
discovered that the arms of Britain must have been triumphant 
in every quarter. The talents of Cromwell as a sagacious 
politician and an able commander, remains unquestioned by 
all writers. The ambition which led him to usurp supreme 
power over the host of patriots who had contended for their 
civil rights against the unlawful prerogative claimed by 
Charles I., has placed his character in a light which cannot 
command the admiration of Americans. We who have seen 
our Military Chieftain lead us through a seven years' bloody 
contest — who was the idol of the army when the struggle was 
over — resign his military power and retire to privacy, and 



BRITISH HISTORY. 49 

when called by his fellow-citizens to (ill the highest civil offic« 
in the Govern] again to privacy, without ever 

haying broken either tary or civil law of the land. We, 

1 Bay, can b trd • in seizing 

the reins of G in. a: those liberties for 

which the pali I died. His apolo- 

gists say that anarchy ] >n of power 

by Cromwell w have been 

the spirit to still the tumult, and in the exercise f the power 
vested in him b apeers, he might have taken steps t<> 

perpetuate the Com may all be speculation; 

but when we read of the peac sable i m of the mon- 

archy in li r the death of Cromwell, we 

conclude that Englishmen found il as pleasant to be ruled \>j 
a lawful sovereign as by a military tyrant ; and but for the 
second revolution, which dethroned James [I. in loss than 
thirty years after the monarchy ,■ we might have 

supposed that Oliver had taught them a le submission. 

Cromwell was a splendid genii'-, but he subverted the liber- 
ties of his country, after the blood of England's bravest and 
best sons had been shed— after the head of the King had been 
offered as a sacrifice to appease the broken Constitution of 
Britain ; and we must reverse the exclamation of Brutus, in uk 
case — for he loved Cromwell more than he loved England- 

At what date was the Monarchy peaceably restored 
in Britain? 

Who was the first King who ascended the throne 
after the restoration of the Monarchy.' 

What hereditary claim did Charles II. have to the 
«rown of England? [Russ. Mud. Europe, vol. 2, p. 182. 

What was the name and native country of the 
Queen Consort of Charles II / 

[Miss Strickland' 1 s Queens of En g., vol. 8, p. 199. 

What are the political events noticed in the reign 
of Charles II., and what is the date of each ? 

[RussclVs Mod. Europe, vol. 2, pp. 193, 228, 234. 

What are the scientific events noticed in the 
reign of Charles II, and the date of each event? 

[Ty tier's Table and Lyman's Table. 

When was the great plague and fire in London? [lb . 



30 BRITISH HISTORY. 

Ans. The plague was in 1655, and the fire in 1666. 
X typographical error places both of these eventi 
it 1662, on the Chart. 

When was the penny post established? [Ibid. 

By whom was Charles II. succeeded, and what 
relationship existed between them? 

[Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 3, page 241. 

What were the names of the two consorts of Jamei 
II., and what the native country of each? 

[Miss Strickland's Queens of Eng., vol. 9, p. 12,20. 

Whose celebrated philosophy was published in 
1686? [Ty tier's Table. 

What great event occurred in England in 1688, 
and what befell King James II? 

[Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 2, page 258. 

By whom was James II. succeeded, and what 
relationship existed between them? 

Miss Strickland's Queens of Eng., vol. 10, p. 184. 

What event is noticed as having occurred in Scot- 
land the year that William and Mary ascended the 
throne of Great Britain? 

[Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 2,page261. 

When did the massacre of Glencoe occur in Scot- 
land? [Ibid, 267. 

Ans. 1692. (Typographical error on the Chart.) 

When did Queen Mary die? 

[Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 2, page 270. 

How long did William survive his consort, Queen 
Mary? [Ibid, 308. 

Who was the mother of Queen Mary, and what 
was her native country? 

[Miss Strickland's Queens of Eng., vol.10, p. ISA. 

By whom was William and Mary succeeded on the 
tbrone, and what relationship existed between them? 
[Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 2, page 309. 



URITISH HISTORY. 5J 

What was the name and native country of th* 
consort of Queen Anne? 

[Miss Sir irk! < i nil/ $ Queens of England, vol. 10, p. 2-44. 
Who was the mother of Anne, Queen of England, 
and what her native country? [Ibid, 184; vol. 9, p. 10» 
What is the date of the treaty between England 
and Scotland? [Russell's Mod. Europe, p. 327. 
When was Gibraltar taken from Spain? 

[RusseWs Modern Europe, vol. 2, page, 315* 
What is the date of the peace of Utrecht? [Ibid, 361 v 

Note. — Look back and see how many years have elapsed 
since the first sovereign of the house of Stuart mounted the 
throne of Scotland. Tell how many of this number sat 
upon the Scottish throne, and how many have reigned over 
the United Kingdom of Great Britain, with the length and date 
of each reign. Examine the dates, and see how long a time 
elapsed from the commencement of the civil war, in the reigD 
of Charles I. until James II. was dethroned by William, Prince 
of Orange, and his consort Mary, who was the daughter of 
James II. 

Note.— The reign of the Stuart Kings of Scotland was one 
continued struggle with the nobles iu favor of the rights of the 
people. James V. was styled " The King of the Commons." 
But after they ascended the throne of England, the contest 
commenced to extend the prerogative of the crown ; but the 
English were too much determined upon having some guar« 
antee for their civil rights, quietly to submit to any unlawful 
exercise of kingly prerogative. The days of the Tudors had 
passed, and in the grave of Elizabe Ji was buried all disposition 
of the English people to trust their liberties to the will and 
caprices of the sovereign. They succeeded in passing the 
celebrated bill called the "Petition of Rights;" then the 
Haheas Corpus Act. But still, when James II. ascended th» 
throne, he seemed resolved to profit nothing by the fate of hift 
father, or the determination evinced by the people in the reign 
of his brother to contend for their constitutional rights. Hii 
inclination to despotism cost him his throne ; and when the 
English Parliament conferred the crown upon William and 
Mary, it was with the limited prerogative now exercised fcj 
the sovereigns of England. 



BRITISH HISTORY. 



CHAPTER XII. 

CHAPTER II. OF BRITISH HISTORY. 

Note. — Elizabeth Stuart, Duchess Palatinate, daughter of 
James I. of England, w: the unfortunate and 

houseless sovei • been raised and edu- 

cated a .Protests in. at i < larriage by the Pro- 

testant Elector Pal [n 1619, when Ferdinand II. "was 

raised to the imperial throne of Germany, his Protestant sub- 
jects of Bohemia refused to submit t< mnical edicts. 
They elected Fr V., the Protestant Elector Palatinate, 
who was the hi " Elizabeth Stuart, King of Bohemia. 
From this time forth, I lives of this royal coupl# were one 
continued verse fortune. Frederick was 
totally defeat Electoral dignity and 
dominions, and 1 I in the list of fugitive 
sovereigns who, . nee of th eould scarcely 
find a place to ■ ds. All th essionsof 
Frederick V. were nee to the Protest- 
ant cause ; and il I of retributive justice when, 
iu 1689, the Pa, i of Groat Britain vested the right to 
the crown in the nearest Protestant heir of James I., that it 
should have fallen upon -ow of the grandson of Elizabeth 
Stuart and her Protestant c< orge I. of Great Britain. 
Her daughter, the i' Sophia, E • Hanover, had 
she lived only a fev, fvould have ascended the 
British throne', Si : a , months before Queen 
Anne, and her son I to her rights, and was the first 
King of the house of Hanover. 

HOUSE OF BRUNSWICK, OR HANOVERIAN SUCCESSION. 
When did the Hanoverian succession occur? 
Who was the first sovereign of this dynasty that 
ascended the throne of England? 

[Russell's Modern- Europe, vol. 2, page 365. 
What hereditary claim did George I. advance to 
the throne of Great Britain? [Lyman' 's Chart. 

Trace the genealogy of George I. back to James 
L, and give the names of his intermediate ancestors? 
[Miss Strickland'* Qrcen. Mary II. and Queen Anne. 
{Life of Sophie of Zell, by Dr. Doran, 



BRITISH HISTORY. 58 

What was the name and native country of th* 
consort of George I? 

[Dr. Doran's Queens of the House of Hanover, vol. I, p. 6. 
What important bill passed in 1715? 

[RusseWs Mod. Europe, vol, 2, p. 391. 
What is the date of the rebellion in Scotland in 
the reign of George I? [Ibid, page 371. 

When did the South Sea scheme explode? [ U>. 397. 
What important discovery was made in 1725, by 
Ged of Edinburg? [Lyman's Table of Inv. and Imp. 
Note. — It is rather a singular fact that the consort of George 
I. was kept in prison many years by the tyrannical King ; and, 
though entitled to all the privileges and immunities of a Queen 
Consort of England, her husband never allowed her to set her 
foot upon the soil of his British dominions. 

By whom was George I. succeeded, and what rela- 
tionship existed between them? 

[RusseWs Modern Europe, vol. 2, p. 399. 
What was the name and native country of th« 
Queen Consort of George II? 

[Dr. Doran's English Queens, vol. l,p. 194. 
What event of importance occurred in Scotland 
in 1745? [RusseWs Mod. Europe, vol. 2, page 445. 
When was New Style introduced into England? 

[Ty tier's Chronological Table. 
When was the British Museum established? 

[Lyman's Table of Improvements, fyc. 
By whom was George II. succeeded, and what 
relationship existed between him and his prede- 
cessor? [Lyman's Chart. 

Through whom did George III. claim a right to 
ascend the throne of England? 

[Dr. Doran's Life of Queen Caroline, p. 407. 
When did England take possession of Bengal? 

[Lyman's Chart. 
When was the stamp act passed? [Ibid. 

When and by what Government was Canada ceded 
4o England? [Ibid. 



54 BRITISH HiSToRf . 

When wa9 the Royal Academy of Arts established 
in London? [ Ty tier's Table. 

When was the independence of the United States 
acknowledged? [Ibid. 

When and by whom was vaccination discovered 
In England? [Lyman's Table of Improvements. 

What occurred in Ireland in 1798? 

[RusseWs Modern Europe, vol. 3, page 408. 

When was the planet Herschel discovered? 

[Lyman's Table. 

What improvement was made in the streets of 
London in 1804? [Ibid. 

What is the date of the treaty of union between 
England and Ireland? [Lyman's Chart. 

What was the name and native country of the 
Queen Consort of George III? 

[Dr. Doran's Liven of English Queens, Vol 2, page 10. 

By whom was George III. succeeded, and what 
relationship existed between them? 

[RusseWs Modern Europe, vol. 3, page 047. 

On what occasion was George IV. proclaimed 
Prince Regent, and at what time? 

[RusseWs Modern Europe, vol. Z,page 582. 

What was the name and native country of his Queen 
Consort? [Dr. Doran's Queen Caroline, p. 210. 

What occurred to this unfortunate princess in 
1821? [RusseWs Modern Europe, vol. 3, page 659. 

Note. — The Prince of Wales had been induced to marry, after 
having declared his intention to die a bachelor King. The dia* 
reputable motive which governed him in changing his previous* 
ly expressed determination, was the offer by his father, and 
acquiesced in by Parliament, to have his debts paid. His disso- 
lute life rendered him unwilling to trammel himself with the 
ties of matrimony. He treated his wife first with coldness and 
neglect, then with harshness and contempt; and as soon as his 
father died, who had always proved a friend to his persecuted 
daughter-in-law, he closed his chapter of ill-treatment of his 
long forsaken wife, by bringing her to a public trial, which 
broke her heart and closed her troublous career. Lord Brough* 
*a'f defence of this Queen against the accusations of her po w< 



BRITISH HISTORY. 55 

erful husband, will always stand as a monument of the native 
independence of his character, as also of his brilliant talent*. 

When did the Princess Charlotte die? 

[Russell's Modern Europe, vol. 3, page 647* 

What is the date of the treaty of Ghent? [Tyt. Tab. 

What decisive battle was fought in 1815, and what 
great warrior was prisoner after the battle? 

[RusselVs Modern Europe, vol. 3, pp. 633, 735. 

What invention in England in 1816, and by whom? 

[Lyman's Chart. 

By whom was George III. succeeded, and what 
relationship existed between them ? [Ibid. 

What was the name and native country of his con- 
tort? [Blake" 1 's Biographical Dictionary, page 1095. 
j^What important bills passed in 1832? 

[British Eloquence, page 957. 

When were the Liverpool and Manchester rail- 
roads completed? [Lyman' $ Table of Imp., fyc. 

When and by whom was the course of the Niger 
discovered ? [Ibid. 

Who succeeded William IV. on the throne of 
England, and what relationship existed between 
them? [Lyman's Chart. 

Through whom did Queen Victoria claim the 
throne of England? [Ibid. 

What is the name and native oountry of her consort? 

[London Times. 
When did the Canadian rebellion occur? 

[Lyman* s Chart. 
When was the disastrous massacre of the English 
in Afghanistan? [London Times. 

What is the date of the treaty of Washington? 

[Statesman's Manual, page 1240. 
When was the rebellion in India? [London 2 t ime$. 
When was the Atlantic Telegraph laid? 

[ The Newspapers of the Day. 
Look back and see how many sovereigns of the house of 
Hanover have wielded the sceptre over the British dominion*. 
Give the date and length of each reign. 



56 ENGLISH HISTORY. 

Note. — Since Parliament established the Protestant succes- 
sion upon the throne of England in 1689, with the royal pre- 
rogative limited and well defined, great progress has been 
made by the British nation in wealth, commerce and the arts. 

The first two sovereigns of the house of Hanover were foreign 
born, and carried with them to the throne of the Island realm 
many German peculiarities and predilections. The interest 
which they had in their Electoral dominions engaged England 
in Continental wars, by which she was not in the least benefited; 
and, upon the whole, Hanover proved rather an expensive ap- 
pendage to the British crown. But this line of sovereigns has 
adhered faithfully to the Protestant cause, and the course of 
England has been upward and onward, in one continued march 
of progression, in all that is useful in the arts and sciences. 

On the death of William IV., he was succeeded in his Con- 
tinental dominions by his brother, Ernest. The laws of Hanover 
prohibiting the rule of a female, led to the separation of 
Hanover from the British dominions ; and when Queen Vic- 
toria ascended the English throne, the Electorate of Hanover, 
which Napoleon I. had erected into a kingdom, ceased to b«. 
ruled by the British sovereign. 

If the student will look back over the Chart and consider 
the small, unimportant political position of England when 
a far distant Roman province: then co iquered by the Sax- 
ons ; ravaged and conquered by the Danes ; subjected to the 
•tern rule of the conquering Normans ; and, in after years, 
another race of foreign kings, the Scottish Stuarts, ascended 
the throne, and then the German Brunswicks; and still see 
the continued upward tendency of English institutions, in all 
things civil and religious, we must conclude that this admix- 
ture of foreigners with the native Brit< i ren to England 
energy and vitality, strength and a lore ol liberty which see-ma 
to set at nought the opinion often advanced, that nations, like 
individuals, attain a maturity which must result in feeble and 
imbecile old age. England can count; years now with the 
Roman Empire ; and, instead of evincing symptoms of decay, 
her strength, morally and politically, is still increasing ; and 
though she is sometimes arrogant in her pretensions, she car- 
ries in her train, to all parts of the world where commerc* 
finds an anchor, the seeds of her own strength and greatness. 
The Gospel Missionary sits in safety beneath hor banner, 
wherever it waves upon the breeze, and the Bible, with its 
accompanying influences, are her traveling companions ; and 
we can but hope that the day is far distant when Protestant 
Britain shall begin to wane in the political firmament. 

FINIS. 



ERRATA. 

In note on page 10, one line from bottom, for " Rthelred," 
read Ethelbei-t. 

In note on page 17, three several times, for " Bertha," read 
Judith. 

In note on page 21, bottom line, for " patron," read pattern, 
and for "genuine," read feminine. 

In note on page 33, sixth line, for "successors," read an- 
cestors. 

By inadvertence of the printer, the first lines of the fourth 
question on page 44, and the second question on pnge 47, be. 
came transposed. 




LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



021 933 784 A 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



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